Calculating-machine.



' WITNESSES.-

G. e. HEGHINIAN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED N OV. I9l I9I4.

1,234,758, Patented July 31, 191?.

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HEGHINIAN, OF NEVJ' YORK, I\]' Y.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 31, 37917.

Application filed November 19, 1914. Serial No. 872,905.

. slide rules known as circular slide rules.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and improved instrumentof this kind which is simple in construction, strong, and durable,absolutely reliable, very compact and may at will be used for adding,subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

Tn the accompanying drawings in which like letters of reference indicatelike parts in all the figures:

Figure 1 is a vertical transverse sectional view of my improved circularslide rule taken on the line 02an of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of my new and improved instrument, parts beingbroken away.

Fig. 3 is a face view of a modified form of my invention.

Fig. at is a transverse sectional view of the same on the lines g/; ofFig. 3.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are plan views of parts of different constructions ofthe graduated scale.

8 is a vertical transverse sectional view of one'half of the instrumentwith the handle lever raised, also taken on the line :nec of Fig. 2.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged transverse sectional view through the central partof the instrument, the handle lever raised, on the line e2 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the pointer.

11 is a side view of the same.

Fig. 12 is an end view of the same.

Fig. 13 is a plan View of a. modified construction of the instrument.

Fig. 14L is a side view of the same.

Fig. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line 'w w of Fig. 13.

The instrument is constructed with a circular base A having a peripheralupwardly projecting flange B and a central stud C.

To the top edge of the flange B an annular horizontal inwardly extendingplate D is secured on which two concentric graduated scales E and F areformed, one of these scales being formed along the inner edge of theannular plate D and the other graduated scale along the outer ed eadjacent to and concentric with the scale E. The scale E is divided intoten equal parts which are again divided into ten parts and thesedivisions may be again sub-divided into two parts each or into five,ten, or twenty according to the desired scope of the instrument. Thegraduations on the scale F begin at Zero and end at ten. The other scaleF is divided into nine parts of gradually decreasing size and whichcontain the logarithms beginning at one and ending at one hundred, onethousand, or ten thousand,

according to the division required and each sub-division of the scale Fis again divided into ten parts, which ten sub-divisions are againdivided into ten parts or into twenty and such sub-divisions may againbe divided into five, ten or twenty parts each, ac-

cording to the desired scope of the instru ment. The divisions of thetwo scales E and F begin on the same radial line D of the annular plateD. At said radial line I provide an opening G in the plate D in whichopening a magnifying glass G is secured and over said opening a cover His guided to move radially, the width of which cover H is equal toone-half the width of the opening G in radial direction so that theslide may cover the inner or outer half of said opening according to itsadjustment, said cover being provided with a suitable notch H forshifting it. A circular plate J fitting within the flange B is mountedloosely upon the base A and on the stud C and is provided with a centralhub K fitting snugly on the central stud C of the base. The circularplate J is provided on its upper surface with two graduated concentricscales E and F which are sub-divided in the same manner and the sameproportion as the scales E and F respective y but they are of greaterdiameter so that these two scales E and F will appear under the openingG in the plate D outside of the greater diameter scale F, that is theywill be beneath that part of the plate D between the outer circumferenceof the outer scale F and the inner circumference of the flange B. Apointer L is provided at its inner end with a flat ring M which snuglyembraces the central hub K' on the disk J and at its outer end it isprovided with a forked head N extending over the scales E and F, thesegmental edge of which enlargement is provided with a vernier scale 0.This forked head is provided with a magnifying glass N and a slidingcover P having a notch P so that this cover or slide can be adjusted tocover part of the scale E when said cover is in the inner positionorpart of the scale F when said cover is in outer position. A handlelever Q is provided with a handle knob Q/ at its outer end and at itsinner end with a fork R which embraces the hub K. From the shanks ofsaid fork two pivot pins S extend through apertures in the hub K andrest with their inner ends upon an annular shoulder T formed on the studC. Those parts of the pins S that are within the apertures in the hub Kfit snugly in the same and from the inner end of each pivot S aneccentric part S projects for a purpose which will be set forthhereinafter. The ends of the shanks of the forked part B are roundedeccentrically at the bottom to form cam edges, so that, as shown in Fig.8, when the handle lever Q, is in vertical position the bottom edges ofthe forked shanks are above the ring M at the inner end of the indicatorL and not in contact therewith. Vlhen the handle Q is brought intohorizontal position the rounded cam parts of the shanks of the fork Rbear downward on the ring M and exert sufficient pressure on the same tolock the indicator L frictionally to the disk or circular plate J andcompel said indicator to rotate with the disk whereas when the handle isin vertical position the indicator L can be turned independently of thedisk or plate J. When the handle Q is in vertical position the eccentricparts at the inner ends of the pins S bear against a ring U above saidparts S, on which ring U a spring V rests, the upper end of which bearsagainst a head W screwed on the reduced upper threaded end of the'stemand by the pressure exerted by said spring V on the ring U and by thering on the pivot pins, the disk J is pressed friction tight on the baseA and is thus held in place. On the other hand when the handle Q, isswung down so asto lock the pointer L friction tight on the disk J, saiddisk is slightly raised off the base so that it can be turned freely.

For the purpose of facilitating the operation the disk J is providedwith two additional concentric scales E and F which correspondrespectively to units'and logarithms that is to the scales E and E and Fand F, which scales E and F are produced on that part of the disk Jbetween the inner circumferential edge of the plate D and the hub K ofthe disk J.

The operation is as follows lVhen adding or subtracting numbers, thecovers H and P on the plate D and free end of the indicator L are somoved as to expose to view through the opening G and the forked end ofthe indicator L, the inner scales E and E.

To add two numbers,-say for example, 3 and 5, the handle Q is broughtinto horizontal position and the subdivision 3 on the scale E is broughtunder the line D on the magnifying glass G; the handle is brought intovertical position thereby looking the plate J to the base and wherebythe indicator L is automatically released. Then the hair line on theindicator at the center of the vernier scale 0 is brought to thesubdivision 5' of the scale E; then the handle Q is brought intohorizontal position so as to clamp the indicator to the plate J and thenthe above mentioned center line or hair line on the vernier scale 0 ofthe indicator L is brought to zero or ten of the scale E and the resultof this addition (8) then becomes visible under the hair line D of theglass plate G, on the scale E.

To subtract two numbers say 3 from 5, bring the indication 5 of thescale E under the hair line D of the magnifying glass G, the handlebeing in lowered position; then raise the handle and set the indicatorso that the central line of the vernier scale 0 is at the zero of thescale E; then bring the handle into horizontal position and turn untilthe central line of the vernier scale 0 is over the 3 of the scale E andthe answer (2) will appear under the glass G on the scale E.

The operation for multiplication is the same as for addition only thescales F and F are used in place of the scales E and E.

The operation for division is the same as for subtraction only thescales F and F are used in place of the scales E and E,

Before multiplying or subtracting the slides H and P must be shiftedinward so as to cover the scales E and E and uncover the scales F and F.It is immaterial whether the indicator L and plate J are moved fromright to left or left to right as long as the required points arereached. The plate J cannot be shifted while the handle is raised andthe indicator cannot be shifted independently while the handle is inhorizontal position.

In case a more minute sub-division is de sired for the scale, the scalemay be arranged as shown in Fig. 5 in which each main sub-division isdivided into ten parts by the lines a and each of these tenths may beagain divided into five parts by the stepped lines o. In case thesubdivisions indicated by the lines 0 in Fig. Gare to be divided intoten parts, they are first divided into halves by the line (Z. Each ofthese of the halves is again divided into five parts by the steppedlines 6. In cases the sub-division shown at f in Fig. 7 is to be dividedinto twenty parts, they are first divided by a central line g. Thespaces thus obtained are divided into 'five parts each by the steppedlines it and each of the smaller subdivisions thus obtained are halved,that is converted into twentieths by short lines is. In Figs. 5, 6 and 7these minor sub-divisions are all stepped and produced on a series ofconcentric lines m. For example if the scale E shown in Fig. 1represents two hundred units as each part is divided into twenty, thescale shown in Fig. 5 would be divided into one thousand units for theentire scale. According 'to'Fig. 6 the entire scale would be dividedinto two thousand parts. According to Fig. 7 the entire scale would bedivided into four thousand parts.

'Of course these subdivisions may be carried on still further accordingto the size instrument. In the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 theplate J is provided with a dove tail track m, and with a projectinghandle 0 and in this dove atail 'trackn a dovetail carriage p slidesfriction tight and part of at extends :over the scales E and F on theplate 1) and represents the indicator. s is a handle for holding thedevice.

In the constru'ctionshown in Figs. 13, 14

and 15 I have two superimposed disks h.

m which passes through a central aperture of the disk Z. A pointer g ismounted friction tight on the stud m and is provided with a handleprojection 1". Two scales 6 and f are formed on :the upper disk or plateZ which has "four segmental openings g, said scales being *concentricand arranged in the same manner as the scales E and F-on the plate D-ofthe construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The-lower disk It is providedwith two scales 6 and which are concentric and are arranged the same asthe scales E and F of the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The upperdisk Z is provided with an opening g having a hair line in radialalinement with the zero or ten of the scale 6 on said disk or plate Z.On the outer face of the plate 72. two scales 6 and f are produced tocorrespond with the supplemental scales of the construction shown inFigs. 1 and 3.

Having described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is 1. In a calculating machine, the combination with acircular base plate provided with an upwardly extending rim flange, ofan annular plate secured on the rim flange to extend inwardly, scales onsaid annular plate, a disk mounted on the base plate and provided withscales, a central stud on the base plate, a central hub on the diskresting on the base plate, a pointer extending from the hub over theannular plate and a handle pivoted to the hub and means on said handlefor engaging the loosely mounted pointer frictionally with the diskprovided with the hub, substantially as set forth.

2. In a calculating machine, the combination with a circular base plateprovided with an upwardly extending rim flange, of an annular platesecured to the rim flange to project inwardly, scales on said annularplate, a disk mounted on the plate and pro vided with scales, a centralstud on the base plate, a central hub on the disk resting on the baseplate, a pointer extending from the hub over the annular plate and ahandle pivoted to the hub and a cam formed on the inner end of thepivoted handle to engage the inner end of the pointer, substantially asset forth.

3. In a calculating machine, the combination with a circular base plateprovided with an upwardly extending rim flange, of an annular platesecured to the rim flange to extend inwardlyand provided with scales, adisk mounted on the base plate and provided with scales, a central studon the base plate, .a central hub on the disk resting on the'base plate,a pointer extending from the hub over the annular plate, a handlepivoted to the hub and means on the handle for trictionally engaging thepointer with .the

at. In a calculating machine, the combination with a circular base plateprovided with ail-upwardly extendingnmflange, of an annular platesecured to the rim-flange and extending inwardly, scales on said annularplate, a disk mounted on the plate provided with scales,'a central studon the'base plate, a central hub on the disk resting on the base plate,a loose indicator extending from the hub over the annular graduatedplate, a handle pivoted to the hub, means on the handle for frictionallyengaging the indi cator with the disk provided with the hub and forfrictionally engaging said disk with the base and means on the pivotedend of said handle for lifting the disk with the hub ofi the base whenlocking the indicator to said disk, substantially as set forth.

5. In a calculating machine, the combina tion with a base plate having astud, of a plate mounted loosely on the base plate and having a hubsurrounding the stud, a graduated annular plate secured to the baseplate and extending over the rim part of the plate mounted loosely onthe base, an indicator mounted loosely on the hub and resting on thesaid plate, a handle pivoted on the hub and having its lower end forkedand the outer edge of each shank shaped as a cam,

and which can bear upon the indicator mounted loosely on the base plateand which also serves for turning the hub, substantially as set forth.

6. In a calculating machine, the combination with a base plate having astud, of a plate mounted loosely on the base plate and having a hubsurrounding the stud, a graduated annular plate secured to the base andextending over the rim part of the plate mounted loosely on the base, anindicator mounted loosely on the hub and resting on the said plate, ahandle lever, pivots projecting from the handle through openings in thehub and engaging said stud, substantially as set forth.

7 In a calculating machine, the combination with a base plate having astud, of a plate mounted loosely 011 the base plate and having a hubsurrounding the stud, a graduated annular plate secured to the baseplate and extending over the rim part of the plate mounted loosely onthe base, an indicator mounted loosely on the hub and resting on thesaid plate, a handle lever, cylindrical pivots projecting from the innerend of the handle lever and passing through holes in the hub, whichholes are concentric with the said pivots, an eccentric part of thepivot projecting beyond the inner surface of the hub to engage ashoulder of the stud, substantially as set forth.

8. In a calculating machine, the combination with a base plate having astud, of a plate mounted loosely on the base plate and having a hubsurrounding the stud, a graduated annular plate secured to the baseplate and extending over the rim part of the plate mounted loosely onthe base, an indicator mounted loosely on the hub and resting on thesaid plate, a handle lever, cylindrical 1 Copies of this patent may beobtained for pivots projecting from the inner end of the handle leverand passing through holes in the hub which holes are concentric with thesaid pivots, an eccentric part of the pivot projecting beyond the innersurface of the hub to engage a shoulder of the stud, a ring in the upperpart of the hub andsurrounding the stud, a yielding means for pressingsaid ring upon those parts of the pivots projecting beyond the innercylindrical surface of the hub, substantially as set forth.

9. In a calculating machine, the combination with a base plate having astud, of a plate mounted loosely on the base plate and having a hubsurrounding the stud, a graduated annular plate secured to the baseplate and extending over the rim part of the plate mounted loosely onthe base, an indicator mounted loosely on the hub and resting on thesaid plate, a handle lever, cylindrical pivots projecting from the innerend of the handle lever and passing through holes in the hub, whichholes are concentric with the said pivots, an eccentric part of thepivot projecting beyond the inner surface of the hub to engage ashoulder of the stud, a ring within the upper end of the hub and restingupon those parts of the pivots projecting beyond the inner surface ofthe hub, a spring resting on said ring and surrounding the upper part ofthe stud and a spring retaining cap screwed upon the upper part of thestud, substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis 6th day of January A. D. 1914:.

GARABED G. HEGHINIAN.

Witnesses:

M. SHAW, PAUL I-I. FRANKIE.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington,D. C.

